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Commit 0e4e8666 authored by Peters, Wouter's avatar Peters, Wouter
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%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# MOGUNTIA exercises
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# Interhemispheric transport
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##### Maarten Krol, September 2019
##### Wouter Peters, May 2023
##### version 2.1
### Goal
> * Investigate longer time-scales in the model.
> * What is the exchange time between the northern and southern hemispheres?
> * How are these time scales defined?
> * What is the influence of the tracer lifetime and convection?
### Introduction
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) forms a duct between the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Due to convergence near the equator, deep convection occurs. Air from the NH encounters air from the SH and airmasses are lifted (this process is enhanced by condensation).
Chemically speaking, differences exist in NH air and SH air. Because most emissions occur in the NH, concentrations of (longer lived) pollutants are normally higher in the NH.
Mixing of NH and SH air masses occurs relatively slowly because of the presence of the ITCZ. In the exercises described here, several methods will be investigated to determine the mixing time scale between the NH and SH.
First, we will release a tracer over land during 3 months. This will create an interhemispheric gradient. Then, the decaying interhemispheric concentration gradient will be used to determine a characteristic time scale.
> * Run MOGUNTIA with the input file inter1.in (no output generated)
> * Directly run MOGUNTIA with the input file inter2.in
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
``` python
# MOGUNTIA run widgets:
%matplotlib inline
from plot_moguntia import *
pm = plot_moguntia()
```
%% Output
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
### Exercise: Interhemispheric transport
Use the analysis widget and have a look at the zonally averaged concentration plots
> Q1: Where does the interhemispheric transport takes place in the model, in the upper or lower troposphere?
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
### Analyze the output
First, have a look at the zonally averaged concentration plots.
> * Where does the interhemispheric transport takes place in the model, in the upper or lower troposphere?
Next, analyze the station output. Remember that the output is requested at 500 hPa.
> * Can you understand the strange peak at the 25S station?
From the decaying gradient, a time scale can be derived, using:
$\frac{dN}{dt} = - \frac{dS}{dt} = -\frac{N_a-S_a}{\tau}$
$\frac{d(N-S)}{dt} = \frac{dN}{dt} - \frac{dS}{dt} = -2 \left( \frac{N_a-S_a}{\tau} \right)$
$\tau = -2 \frac{(N_a-S_a)}{\frac{d(N-S)}{dt}} $
> N : mean concentration NH
> S: mean concentration SH
> (N-S): concentration gradient
> tau: time scale for interhemispheric transport
> (Na-Sa): mean concentration gradient, averaged over the simulation period (e.g. one year).
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
### Exercise: Determine tau
Use the analysis widget and have a look at the zonally averaged concentration plots
> Q2: Use the 45N and 45S output to determine tau.
> Q3: Repeat the same for 65N / 65S and 25N / 25S - are the results consistent?
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
``` python
# MOGUNTIA run widgets:
from plot_moguntia import *
pm2 = plot_moguntia()
```
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
``` python
```
......
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